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25°41′N 32°38′E · Luxor & Ancient Thebes, Upper Egyptالعربية

Valley of the Queens

وادي الملكات

The Valley of the Queens includes burials of royal women and children. Nefertari’s tomb is especially celebrated for its painted decoration, but the wider cemetery has its own history and is worth understanding beyond one famous name.

The cemetery developed during the New Kingdom and contains tombs of royal women, princes and other members of the royal household. Its most famous painted tomb belongs to Nefertari, wife of Ramesses II. Nefertari’s surviving decoration is remarkable, but substantial losses and salt damage made conservation essential. The Getty Conservation Institute and Egyptian authorities worked together on its conservation. The survival of painted surfaces should not be mistaken for complete preservation or a guarantee of present access.

Published sources · confirm changing details before travel

Already at the site?Keep the visit sequence and details to look for close to hand.

Open the field guide
Type
Necropolis
Bank
West bank
Period
New Kingdom
Principal deity
Hathor
Time needed
About 1 hour
Best time of day
Early, on the same run as another west-bank site — it is small and does not need a slot of its own
Heat exposure
High · Expect exposed sections. Continuous shade or a seated rest area has not been verified; plan a separate break.
Walking
Easy · Choose the open tombs first, then ask about the walk between them and each entrance stair. No measured accessible circuit is recorded; tombs have different layouts.
Guide
Optional
Ticket
220 EGP · foreign adult, per person
Photography
The official ticket page lists mobile-phone photography as free. Confirm room-specific restrictions and rules for other equipment at the site.Online sources checked · Valley Of The Queens — published visitor informationNefertari tomb — Ministry notice, November 2024
Current access
Current access not verified

Dashed boxes mark information we have not verified. Check essential prices, hours and access arrangements with the official venue before travelling.

FIG. 1 — VALLEY OF THE QUEENS · STONE & COLOUR

A quiet valley. Vivid worlds within.

The valley bowl and two interpretive studies: royal family imagery, and paint over plaster over rock. These are representative details, not a map of individual tombs.

LANDSCAPE & DETAIL · SCHEMATIC

The valley head

  • THE HEAD OF THE VALLEY

Select a number to explore a detail here.

A royal family, painted

    Select a number to explore a detail here.

    The layers of a painted wall

      Select a number to explore a detail here.

      Text alternative for this figure
      A quiet valley. Vivid worlds within.
      Look for thisWhere
      1. Paint on plaster, not paint on stoneInside any of the decorated tombs — most obviously in the tomb of Nefertari
      2. A king leading a boy by the handThe tombs of the sons of Ramesses III, when they are open
      3. The valley is a closed dead endLook up the wadi from among the tombs, towards its head

      The valley bowl and two interpretive studies: royal family imagery, and paint over plaster over rock. These are representative details, not a map of individual tombs.

      Look for this

      Details worth stopping for.

      Numbers match the plan above. Each entry says where it is, what you will actually see, and how confident anyone can be about what it means.

      1. 1

        Paint on plaster, not paint on stone

        Back to the drawing

        Inside any of the decorated tombs — most obviously in the tomb of Nefertari

        Get close to a wall and look at the surface rather than the picture. You are looking at a skin of gypsum plaster laid over rough, crumbling rock, with the painting on top of it, and in places you can see where the plaster was built out to level a bad patch.

        Conservation here shows why surviving colour needs careful management. Salt movement, moisture and fragile plaster can threaten a painted surface even when it still looks vivid.

      2. 2

        A king leading a boy by the hand

        Back to the drawing

        The tombs of the sons of Ramesses III, when they are open

        Scene after scene of the king walking a young man forward and presenting him to a god — the boy shown with the side-lock of youth, the father doing the introducing.

        Fact — the scenes and who they show. Interpretation — reading them as an expression of grief rather than as royal protocol.

        The sidelock and other youthful features identify royal children in the scenes. Such visual conventions do not, on their own, establish a person’s age at death.

      3. 3

        The valley is a closed dead end

        Back to the drawing

        Look up the wadi from among the tombs, towards its head

        A narrow valley shut off at the top by a cliff face, with a water-worn chute cut down it and a grotto at the head — dry almost all the time, and briefly a waterfall when it rains.

        Interpretation

        Fact — the valley’s shape, the chute and the grotto. Interpretation — that their sacred associations determined the choice of burial ground.

        It is a very particular kind of place, and the choice of it was probably not accidental. The grotto has been linked to Hathor and to the western mountain as a place of rebirth — an argument about landscape rather than about any inscription, which is why we mark it as interpretation.

      Look closely, photograph only where permitted, and keep hands and bags clear of ancient surfaces. Follow barriers and conservation instructions.

      FIG. 2 — Who added what

      Who built and changed this place?

      Explore the rulers connected with this site and the work they left here.

      The rulers appear in chronological order. Select a name to explore their reign and the monuments connected with it.

      How to visit

      Plan your visit.

      Tickets

      Published prices in Egyptian pounds per person. Online sources checked .

      Foreign adult / student
      220 / 110 EGP
      Egyptian adult / student
      30 / 10 EGP

      A Ministry notice from November 2024 says Nefertari’s tomb closed in March 2024 for humidity monitoring. We have not found a later official reopening notice. Do not assume QV66 is available or included in this admission.

      Recheck the official seller for your visit date, concession eligibility and any additional charges. A listed ticket does not establish which interiors are open today.

      Online sources checked · Valley Of The Queens — published visitor informationNefertari tomb — Ministry notice, November 2024

      Opening hours & timing

      Daily hours
      Opens 06:00; last entry 17:00 in summer, 16:00 in winter and Ramadan.
      Time needed
      About 1 hour
      Best time of day
      Early, on the same run as another west-bank site — it is small and does not need a slot of its own

      Heat & shade

      Heat exposure
      High
      Shade
      Low
      Walking
      Easy
      Water on site
      not verified

      Expect exposed sections. Continuous shade or a seated rest area has not been verified; plan a separate break.

      Photography

      Photography
      The official ticket page lists mobile-phone photography as free. Confirm room-specific restrictions and rules for other equipment at the site.Online sources checked · Valley Of The Queens — published visitor informationNefertari tomb — Ministry notice, November 2024

      Getting there

      At the southern end of the west-bank sites, past Medinet Habu and the Ramesseum, in a side valley off the desert road. Reached by taxi from the ferry or over the bridge, and usually paired with Medinet Habu or Deir el-Medina, both of which are close by.

      Typical taxi fare
      not verified

      Do you need a guide?

      A guide can explain the owners and funerary scenes. Confirm open tombs and ticket coverage with the official office before choosing.

      Access

      Check the access details you need.

      Access depends on the whole route: surfaces, thresholds, distance, shade and facilities. We describe these separately, but have not completed an on-site access audit. Confirm the details you need before visiting.

      Ground surface
      A broad, gently rising valley floor of compacted grit and stone, level enough but loose and dusty underfoot
      Stairs
      Each tomb is entered down a stair; the tombs are short compared with the Valley of the Kings, but the descent is unavoidable
      Shade
      Expect exposed sections. Continuous shade or a seated rest area has not been verified; plan a separate break.
      Sensory conditions
      Expect transitions between the outdoor cemetery and individual tomb interiors. Lighting, airflow and visitor numbers need checking for each tomb.
      Claustrophobia
      Tomb interiors can be confined, with stairs or narrow passages and a return along the entry route. Conditions differ by tomb; assess the exact route before entering.
      Distance on foot
      Choose the open tombs first, then ask about the walk between them and each entrance stair. No measured accessible circuit is recorded; tombs have different layouts.

      Confirm before visiting: Step-free entry · Wheelchair route · Seating · Accessible toilet · Vehicle drop-off.

      Our access descriptions are planning guidance, not an on-site audit. Confirm the route and facilities you need before visiting. Photographs alone cannot establish accessibility.

      After the reading

      Would a licensed guide help your visit?

      We do not arrange guides or take booking fees. Our guide explains where local knowledge and historical context can add to a visit, and what to ask before hiring someone.

      Sources & further reading9
      Tier 1Significance of the Valley — Valley of the Queens projectGetty Conservation InstituteOnline source checked
      Tier 1Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities — monument and site recordsMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Egypt)
      Tier 1Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — World Heritage List inscription and documentationUNESCO World Heritage CentreOnline source checked
      Tier 1Theban Mapping Project — Atlas of the Theban NecropolisTheban Mapping Project
      Tier 1The conservation of the wall paintings in the tomb of NefertariGetty Conservation InstituteOnline source checked
      Tier 2The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Ian ShawOxford University Press
      Tier 2The Illustrated Guide to Luxor: Tombs, Temples and Museums, Kent R. WeeksAmerican University in Cairo Press
      Tier 1Valley Of The Queens — published visitor informationMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities — official ticket serviceOfficial page indexed · checked
      Tier 1Nefertari tomb — Ministry notice, November 2024Ministry of Tourism and AntiquitiesOfficial page indexed · checked

      Source review is incomplete. Consultation dates are shown only for checked references.

      These references provide the historical background for the page.